Periodontics

Know More About Periodontics

It is a branch of dentistry that deals with the supporting structures located around the teeth which are collectively known as the periodontium. A periodontist treats oral health issues that affect the periodontium. The link between healthy periodontium and appearance in the oral cavity is highly relevant. Without a healthy periodontal status, no matter what has been done with the teeth—crowns, veneers, whitening—the results will not last. Oral aesthetic results need a background of healthy periodontium to enhance the image desired.

 

Periodontium Includes:

  • Gingiva: Gums.
  • Periodontal ligament: A group of connective tissue fibers that attaches teeth to jawbone.
  • Cementum: A hard layer of calcified tissue that covers teeth roots.
  • Alveolar bone: The part of jawbone that has tooth sockets.
Degeneration or inflammation of these tissues can be caused by various systemic or local diseases or by poor oral hygiene. In some cases the cause is not established. Most commonly, periodontal diseases are caused by hardened bacteria, called bacterial plaque, which adheres to teeth and destroys periodontal tissue. The most prevalent periodontal disease is gingivitis and periodontitis, inflammation of the periodontium. If untreated, periodontitis leads to resorption of the portion of the jawbone that supports the teeth.
Gingivitis and Periodontitis

Gingivitis is the inflammation and infection of the gums. Periodontitis is a more severe form of infection that involves not only the gums but the periodontal structures around the base of the teeth. In severe cases, periodontitis may lead to severe toothache and even loss of the tooth.
 

Treatment of Gingivitis and Periodontitis
Scaling and root planning (SRP) is another term for a deep dental cleaning. The main difference is that SRP require local anaesthesia to numb the gums. This allows deep cleaning underneath gum line, where harmful bacteria hide. Teeth roots are also smoothen to discourage plaque and bacteria from building up. scaling and root planning are recommended for people with early-stage (mild) gum disease.

Periodontal Surgery

There are several different types of surgical periodontal treatments, including:
  • Gingival flap surgery: Also called pocket reduction surgery this procedure treats moderate to severe periodontitis (gum disease). During this procedure incisions are made to gently moves gums away from teeth. This allows to see the infection that’s deep under gum line. After thoroughly cleaning teeth roots, gum tissue are repositioned and stitched into place.
  • Gingival graft: This procedure treats gingival recession. People with gum recession don’t have enough healthy gum tissue around their teeth. During a gum graft procedure, gingival grafts are added to the area where gums are thin or where there is gingival recession. The graft might come from the roof of mouth or it may be from tissue bank.
  • Dental bone grafts: Periodontal infection can erode the bone that supports our teeth. When this happens, a bone grafting is done to regenerate bone in that area.
  • Surgical crown lengthening: Sometimes when a tooth breaks off near the gum line, there isn’t enough space to place a dental crown. When this happens, a few millimeters of gum and bone tissue around that tooth is removed so that crown can fit properly.
  • Smile Designing: Some people have excess gum tissue that covers part of their teeth when they smile. People who want to improve the appearance of their smile can have a smile lift. During this procedure, gum and usually a small amount of bone around the affected teeth are removed.
  • Frenectomy: A frenum is a band of connective tissue that joins one part of your body to another. In oral cavity two types of frenum are there; lingual and labial. labial frenum connects lip to gums and lingual frenum connects tongue to gums, just behind lower front teeth. Sometimes, a frenum is too tight or highly placed which can cause issues like gum recession or tongue tie. During a frenectomy, an incision is made to free the frenum so that it’s not too tight or high.
  • Osseous surgical re-contouring of alveolar bone surrounding teeth
  • Extraction site preservation
  • Alveolar ridge augmentation for implant, prosthetic and aesthetic concerns
  • Maxillary sinus elevation for placement of dental implants
  • Dental implant diagnosis, treatment planning and placement
To Maintain Good Oral Hygiene:
  • Brush and floss teeth twice a day or after every meal
  • Use a soft-bristled toothbrush
  • Brush lightly
  • Use an electric toothbrush to help fight plaque buildup
  • Rinse with a dentist-recommended mouthwash
  • Get regular dental cleanings
  • Quit smoking or chewing tobacco

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